MLA Citation Guide (9th Edition): Videos & DVDs

In your works cited list, abbreviate months as follows: 

January = Jan.
February = Feb.
March = Mar.
April = Apr.
May = May
June = June
July = July
August = Aug.
September = Sept.
October = Oct.
November = Nov.
December = Dec.

Spell out months fully in the body of your paper. 

Who to Credit - Films and TV Series

Many people can be involved in the production of a video and not all need to be listed in the citation. To clarify what role the person has in the production, precede each name (or each group of names, if more than one person performed the same function) with a description of the role. MLA style emphasizes finding this information whenever possible in the video itself, such as in the opening credits. Some common contributor roles that can be included in the citation are

• directed by
• performance by
• created by 
• narrated by
• edited by

Who to Credit - Streaming Video from a Social Media Website

For videos from social media websites such as YouTube or Vimeo, how you cite depends on the type of uploader. If the video was uploaded by an organization you can begin the citation with the title of the video and credit the organization with "uploaded by username" (eg "uploaded by ProvinceofBC"). If it is a personal upload, credit the person who posted the content. If a real name is provided, use it. If the real name of the person who posted the content is not known, credit their username. 

Time stamps in audio and video recordings

As there are no page numbers in audio and video recordings, include a timestamp instead. Time stamps are given in the following format: 

(Author's Last Name hours:min:seconds-hours:min:seconds) 

If you are citing something that is less than an hour long, you can start minutes. 

Examples: 

(Muller 09:06-09:22)

("Lost, Found and Lost Again" 19:47-22:38)

Note: For your Works Cited list, all citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

Last Name, First Name of video creator or Username of Creator. "Title of Video." Title of the Hosting Website, uploaded by Username, Day Month Year of Publication, URL of video. Accessed Day Month Year video was viewed.

For more information on citing videos found online, check out the MLA website. 

Title of Video. Contributor(s), Publisher/Production Company, Date. Title of Library Database.

 Note: Typically films, television episodes, and other performances have many contributors. After the title, list the contributors most relevant to your project. Most common contributors listed include directors, creators, and performers.  

Title of Movie. Contributor(s). Publisher/Production Company, Year of Release. 

 Note: Typically films, television episodes, and other performances have many contributors. After the title, list the contributors most relevant to your project. Most common contributors listed include directors, creators, and performers.  

Title of Movie. Contributor(s). Publisher/Production Company, Year of Release. Name of Streaming Service.

 Note: Typically films, television episodes, and other performances have many contributors. After the title, list the contributors most relevant to your project. Most common contributors listed include directors, creators, and performers.  

"Title of Episode." Title of TV Series, Contributors Name(s), season, episode,  Production Company, Year of Release. Name of Streaming Website, URL. 

 Note: Typically films, television episodes, and other performances have many contributors. After the title, list the contributors most relevant to your project. Most common contributors listed include directors, creators, and performers.  

 Note: Seasons of a television series are usually numbered in sequence, as are the episodes. Both numbers should be included in the works cited list. If the episode is untitled, omit this element and begin the citation with the title of the show. 

"Title of Episode." Title of TV Series, Contributors Name(s), season, episode,  Production Company, Year of Release. DVD if viewed on DVD. 

 Note: Typically films, television episodes, and other performances have many contributors. After the title, list the contributors most relevant to your project. Most common contributors listed include directors, creators, and performers.  

 Note: Seasons of a television series are usually numbered in sequence, as are the episodes. Both numbers should be included in the works cited list if available. If the episode is untitled, omit this element and begin the citation with the title of the show. 

“Title of Video.” Name of AI Tool, version if applicable, Company or Creator of AI Tool, Day Month Year, URL.

or:

“Title of Audio.” Name of AI Tool, version if applicable, Company or Creator of AI Tool, Day Month Year, URL.

Note: MLA instructs users to give a direct URL to their AI-generated content only if that URL is publicly available. If you are unable to generate a publicly available direct URL to your AI-generated content, you should include a general URL to the AI tool itself instead.