In your works cited list, abbreviate months as follows:
January = Jan.
February = Feb.
March = Mar.
April = Apr.
May = May
June = June
July = July
August = Aug.
September = Sept.
October = Oct.
November = Nov.
December = Dec.
Spell out months fully in the body of your paper.
Who to Credit - Films and TV Series
Many people can be involved in the production of a video and not all need to be listed in the citation. To clarify what role the person has in the production, precede each name (or each group of names, if more than one person performed the same function) with a description of the role. MLA style emphasizes finding this information whenever possible in the video itself, such as in the opening credits. Some common contributor roles that can be included in the citation are
Who to Credit - Streaming Video from a Social Media Website
For videos from social media websites such as YouTube or Vimeo, how you cite depends on the type of uploader. If the video was uploaded by an organization you can begin the citation with the title of the video and credit the organization with "uploaded by username" (eg "uploaded by ProvinceofBC). If it is a personal upload, credit the person who posted the content. If a real name is provided, use it. If the real name of the person who posted the content is not known, credit their username.
Time stamps in audio and video recordings
As there are no page numbers in audio and video recordings, include a timestamp instead. Time stamps are given in the following format:
(Author's Last Name hours:min:seconds-hours:min:seconds)
If you are citing something that is less than an hour long, you can start minutes.
Examples:
(Smith 01:15-02:20)
(Jones 01:20:15-01:22:22)
Note: For your Works Cited list, all citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent.
A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.
Last Name, First Name of video creator or Username of Creator. "Title of Video." Title of the Hosting Website, uploaded by Username, Day Month Year of Publication, URL of video. Accessed Day Month Year video was viewed.
Works Cited List Example |
Sethi, Ramit. "How to Write a Winning Resume, With Ramit Sethi." YouTube, uploaded by I Will Teach You to Be Rich, 23 June 2015, www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0fjkKCsM1w. Accessed 28 June 2016. "Free Mental Health Support Available." YouTube, uploaded by ProvinceofBC, 15 Dec. 2020, https://youtu.be/K8qo-e9Jexc. Accessed 9 Sept. 2021. Note: If the video creator is unknown, such as when a video is produced by an organization, begin the citation with the title of the video. |
In-Text Citation Example |
If video creator is known: (Last Name of Video Creator Start Time of Revelant Section-End Time of Section) (Sethi 00:03:30-00:04:16) If video creator is unknown: ("Words from Title" Start Time of Revelant Section-End Time of Section) ("Free Mental Health" 00:05-00:10) Note: Cite the relevant hour, minute and seconds as displayed in your media player. If the video is less than hour cite minutes and seconds only. |
For more information on citing videos found online, check out the MLA website.
Title of Video. Contributor(s), Publisher/Production Company, Date. Title of Library Database.
Note: Typically films, television episodes, and other performances have many contributors. After the title, list the contributors most relevant to your project. Most common contributors listed include directors, creators, and performers.
Works Cited List Example |
Ready Player One. Directed by Steven Spielberg, Warner Bros., 2018. Criterion. |
In-text Citation Example |
(Words From Title Start Time of Relevant Section-End Time of Section) (Ready 02:05:01-02:06:12) Note: The title of the film is in italics in the in-text citation because that is how it appears in the Works Cited List. Note: Cite the relevant hour, minute and seconds as displayed in your media player. If the video is less than hour cite minutes and seconds only. |
Title of Movie. Contributor(s). Publisher/Production Company, Year of Release.
Note: Typically films, television episodes, and other performances have many contributors. After the title, list the contributors most relevant to your project. Most common contributors listed include directors, creators, and performers.
Works Cited List Example |
The Usual Suspects. Directed by Bryan Singer, performances by Kevin Spacey, Gabriel Byrne, Chazz Palminteri, Stephen Baldwin, and Benicio Del Toro. Polygram, 1995. |
In-Text Citation Example |
(Title of Movie Start Time of Relevant Section-End Time of Section) (The Usual Suspects 01:15:15-01:20:03) Note: The title of the film is in italics in the in-text citation because that is how it appears in the Works Cited List Example. Note: Cite the relevant hour, minute and seconds as displayed in your media player. If the video is less than hour cite minutes and seconds only. |
Title of Movie. Contributor(s). Publisher/Production Company, Year of Release. Name of Streaming Service.
Note: Typically films, television episodes, and other performances have many contributors. After the title, list the contributors most relevant to your project. Most common contributors listed include directors, creators, and performers.
Works Cited List Example |
Coraline. Directed by Henry Selick, screenplay by Henry Selick and Neil Gaiman, Laika, 2009. Netflix. |
In-Text Citation Example |
(Title of Movie Start Time of Relevant Section-End Time of Section) (Coraline 1:25:15-01:40:05) Note: The title of the film is in italics in the in-text citation because that is how it appears in the Works Cited List Example. Note: Cite the relevant hour, minute and seconds as displayed in your media player. If the video is less than hour cite minutes and seconds only. |
"Title of Episode." Title of TV Series, Contributors Name(s), season, episode, Production Company, Year of Release. Name of Streaming Website, URL.
Note: Typically films, television episodes, and other performances have many contributors. After the title, list the contributors most relevant to your project. Most common contributors listed include directors, creators, and performers.
Note: Seasons of a television series are usually numbered in sequence, as are the episodes. Both numbers should be included in the works cited list. If the episode is untitled, omit this element and begin the citation with the title of the show.
Works Cited List Example |
"The One Where Chandler Can't Cry." Friends, created by Marta Kauffman, performance by Matthew Perry, season 6, episode 14, Warner Brothers, 2004. Crave, www.crave.ca. |
In-Text Citation Example |
("Title of Episode" Start Time of Relevant Section-End Time of Section) ("The One Where Chandler" 14:56-15:33) Note: The title of the episode is in quotation marks in the in-text citation because that is how it appears in the Works Cited List Example. Note: Cite the relevant hour, minute and seconds as displayed in your media player. If the video is less than hour cite minutes and seconds only. |
"Title of Episode." Title of TV Series, Contributors Name(s), season, episode, Production Company, Year of Release. DVD if viewed on DVD.
Note: Typically films, television episodes, and other performances have many contributors. After the title, list the contributors most relevant to your project. Most common contributors listed include directors, creators, and performers.
Note: Seasons of a television series are usually numbered in sequence, as are the episodes. Both numbers should be included in the works cited list if available. If the episode is untitled, omit this element and begin the citation with the title of the show.
Works Cited List Example |
"The Gathering." Outlander, developed by Ronald D. Moore, performances by Caitriona Balfe and Sam Heughan, season 1, episode 4, Left Bank Picture/Sony Pictures Television Production, 2014. DVD. |
In-Text Citation Example |
("Title of Episode" Start Time of Relevant Section-End Time of Section) ("The Gathering" 05:34-05:56) Note: The title of the episode is in quotation marks in the in-text citation because that is how it appears in the Works Cited List Example. Note: Cite the relevant hour, minute and seconds as displayed in your media player. If the video is less than hour cite minutes and seconds only. |
“Title of Video.” Name of AI Tool, version if applicable, Company or Creator of AI Tool, Day Month Year, URL.
or:
“Title of Audio.” Name of AI Tool, version if applicable, Company or Creator of AI Tool, Day Month Year, URL.
Note: MLA instructs users to give a direct URL to their AI-generated content only if that URL is publicly available. If you are unable to generate a publicly available direct URL to your AI-generated content, you should include a general URL to the AI tool itself instead.
Works Cited List Example |
“Impact of Stress on Heart Health.” Clip Creator, HubSpot, 21 Sept. 2024, https://www.hubspot.com/clip-creator. |
In-Text Citation Example |
(“Words from Title” Start Time of Relevant Section-End Time of Section) Example: (“Impact of Stress” 1:13-1:25) |