If there is no author given, your citation will start with the title of the work. You must put these citations in correct alphabetical order in your Works Cited list.
When putting works in alphabetical order, ignore initial articles such as "the", "a", or "an". For example the title The Best of Canada would be alphabetized as if it started with the word Best instead of the word The.
If the title begins with a number, alphabetize it as if the number was spelled out. For example the title 5 Ways to Succeed in Business would be alphabetized under F as if it had started with the word Five .
For example, this is how the following titles would be alphabetized:
Anthropology in Action [A]
The Best of Canada [B... ignore "The"]
Easy Plant Care [E]
5 Ways to Succeed in Business [F... 5=Five]
A Special Kind of Madness [S... ignore "A"]
If no author or creator is provided, start the citation with the title of the source you are citing instead. Do not use "Anonymous" as the author's name. Use the first one, two, or three main words from the title, in either italics or in "quotation marks" (the same way it is written in your Works Cited list). You should provide enough words to make it clear which work you're referring to from your Works Cited list.
Example:
Human Health Effects of Wildfire Smoke. Health Canada, May 2024, https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/hc-sc/documents/services/publications/healthy-living/human-health-effects-wildfire-smoke/human-health-effects-wildfire-smoke.pdf. Accessed 16 October 2024.
In-text citation would be (Human Health Effects)
Note: The above source has no page numbers, so page numbers are left out of the in-text citation.
Note: An author/creator won't necessarily be a person's name. It may be an organization or corporation, for example Health Canada or a username on a site such as YouTube. Also, it is possible for the author's name to be written as only initials. If the author is known only by initials, treat the initials as one unit. Use the initials in your in-text citation and list the entry under the first initial in your Works Cited page.
If no date is provided, skip that information in your citation. It is recommended that you add the date you accessed the work at the end of the citation in your Works Cited list. Access date is given by putting the word "Accessed" followed by the date you viewed or accessed the work (format = Day Month (shortened) Year).
Example:
"Timeline: Asia-Canada." The Canadian Encyclopedia, Historica Canada, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timeline/asia-canada. Accessed 30 Aug. 2024.
In-text citation would be ("Timeline").
Note: The above source has no page numbers, so page numbers are left out of the in-text citation.
Some sources, such as online materials, won't have page numbers provided. If this is the case, leave the page numbers out of the citation. For your in-text citation, just use the author's name or the title of the work if there is no author given. For your Works Cited list, just leave the page number part out.
Example:
Wong, H.-S. Philip. "To Reignite the U.S. Chip Industry, Invite More Chefs into the Kitchen." Scientific American, 5 June 2023, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/to-reignite-the-u-s-chip-industry-invite-more-chefs-into-the-kitchen/. Accessed 27 July 2024.
In-text citation would be (Wong)
Note If there are no page, chapter, paragraph, or section numbers in the original text, then don't include any. Never count pages or paragraphs yourself.
If you find an article through the search bar on the main library page, you might be unsure which database the article is from, because this searches across many different databases.
You can find the name of the database a few ways:
Method 1. You can find the name of the database when you have done a search for the article, and are on the results list. Find the name of the article that you are looking for, and look just below the title. The database name will be next to the author's name and publication information.
Method 2. You can also find the name of the database when you are in the record for the article (a page with a description of the article, as well as other useful information). To get to the record from the results list, click on the title of the article. At the top of the page, just below the title, the database name will be listed.
In the examples above, the name of the database is Directory of Open Access Journals.