Check out our Plagiarism Tutorial to learn more about using sources in your assignments.
Direct quotations taken from sources - place quotation marks around direct quotes as you write them down.
Paraphrased ideas and opinions taken from someone else's work.
Summaries of ideas taken from someone else's work.
Factual information, including statistics or other data unless it is considered common knowledge.
You must cite all sources used in all assignments that you create. It does not matter what format your assignment (for example, presenation or paper) is in or where in your assignment you use a quote, summary, paraphrase or statistics.
When writing an essay, the only source material you do not have to cite is information that is considered common knowledge. Common knowledge generally refers to any well-established, uncontroversial fact about the world, or a fact that cannot be attributed to a single source. However, common knowledge does not necessarily mean that everyone knows it.
A general rule is that you can consider information common knowledge if you can find that information uncredited in 5 credible sources.
If you're not sure if something is common knowledge, it's better to be safe and cite it!
Book (entire)
References
Berger, J. (2013). Contagious: Why things catch on. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
Author: | James Berger |
Date of publication: | 2013 |
Title: | Contagious: Why things catch on |
Publication location | New York, NY |
Publisher | Simon & Schuster |
Clues that this citation is for an entire book:
Journal article
References
Gong, S., Zhang, J., Zhao, P., Jiang, X. (2017). Tweeting as a marketing tool: A field experiment in the TV industry. Journal of Marketing, 54(6), 833-850. Retrieved from Business Source Complete.
Authors: | Shiyang Gong, Juanjuan Zhang, Ping Zhao, & Xuping Jiang |
Date published: | 2017 |
Title: | Tweeting as a marketing tool: A field experiment in the TV industry |
Journal title: | Journal of Marketing |
Volume & Issue: | Volume 54, Issue 6 |
Pages: | 833-850 |
Database name: (no doi) |
Business Source Complete |
Clues that this is a journal article:
Newspaper Article
References
Authier, P. (2016, Nov 02). Quebec tightens rules for spying on journalists; press freedom is fundamental, premier says. The Vancouver Sun. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1835481852?accountid=132048
Author | P. Authier |
Date | November 2, 2016 |
Title | Quebec tightens rules for spying on journalists; press freedom is fundamental, premier says |
Title of newspaper | The Vancouver Sun |
Clues that this is a newspaper article: